## Is Campylobacter a Common Infection Due to Travel to Africa?
Introduction
Campylobacter is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the intestines of animals, including poultry, cattle, and pigs. It can also be found in unpasteurized milk and contaminated water. Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world, and it is estimated to cause approximately 1.5 million cases of illness in the United States each year.
Symptoms of Campylobacter Infection
The symptoms of campylobacter infection typically develop within 2-5 days of exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptoms include:
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle aches
In most cases, campylobacter infection is a mild illness that resolves within a few days. However, in some cases, it can lead to more serious complications, such as:
Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder that can cause weakness and paralysis
Reactive arthritis, a type of joint pain and inflammation
Sepsis, a life-threatening infection of the bloodstream
Risk Factors for Campylobacter Infection
The risk of campylobacter infection is increased in people who:
Travel to developing countries, especially Africa
Consume undercooked poultry, meat, or fish
Drink unpasteurized milk
Swim in contaminated water
Have contact with animals, especially poultry or livestock
Diagnosis of Campylobacter Infection
Campylobacter infection is diagnosed based on the patient’s symptoms and a laboratory test of a stool sample. The laboratory test can detect the presence of Campylobacter bacteria in the stool.
Treatment of Campylobacter Infection
Most cases of campylobacter infection do not require treatment. The infection will typically resolve on its own within a few days. However, in some cases, treatment with antibiotics may be necessary. Antibiotics are most effective when they are started early in the course of the infection.
Prevention of Campylobacter Infection
There are a number of things that you can do to prevent campylobacter infection, including:
Avoid eating undercooked poultry, meat, or fish
Drink only pasteurized milk
Avoid swimming in contaminated water
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water
Avoid contact with animals, especially poultry or livestock
If you are planning to travel to Africa, there are a few additional precautions that you should take to reduce your risk of campylobacter infection.
Get vaccinated against typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that is also common in Africa. The typhoid vaccine can help to protect you from both typhoid fever and campylobacter infection.
Take antibiotics with you. If you develop symptoms of campylobacter infection while you are traveling, you can take antibiotics to treat the infection.
Stay hydrated. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, so it is important to drink plenty of fluids if you are experiencing diarrhea.
Conclusion
Campylobacter infection is a common infection that is caused by eating contaminated food or water. The infection typically causes mild symptoms that resolve within a few days. However, in some cases, it can lead to more serious complications. There are a number of things that you can do to prevent campylobacter infection, including avoiding undercooked food, drinking only pasteurized milk, and washing your hands frequently. If you are planning to travel to Africa, you should take additional precautions to reduce your risk of infection.