## A Headache the Day After Scuba Diving: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment
Scuba diving is an exhilarating activity that allows you to explore the underwater world. However, some divers experience a headache the day after diving. This is known as a post-dive headache (PDH).
PDH is a common problem, affecting up to 25% of divers. It is usually a mild to moderate headache that occurs within 24 hours after diving. The headache can last for a few hours or up to several days.
### Causes of Post-Dive Headache
The exact cause of PDH is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute, including:
Dehydration: Scuba diving can lead to dehydration, as you lose water through sweating and breathing compressed air. Dehydration can cause headaches.
Expansion of nitrogen bubbles: When you dive, nitrogen from the compressed air you breathe dissolves into your body tissues. As you ascend, the nitrogen bubbles come out of solution and can form in your head, causing headaches.
Muscle tension: Scuba diving can involve strenuous activity, which can lead to muscle tension in the head and neck. This tension can cause headaches.
Sinus pressure: Changes in pressure during diving can cause sinus pressure, which can lead to headaches.
Other factors: Other factors that may contribute to PDH include caffeine withdrawal, alcohol consumption, and smoking.
### Prevention of Post-Dive Headache
There are several things you can do to prevent PDH, including:
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after diving. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water per day.
Ascend slowly: When you ascend from a dive, do so slowly to allow the nitrogen bubbles to dissolve gradually. Avoid rapid ascents, which can increase the risk of PDH.
Take breaks: If you are diving for long periods of time, take breaks to allow your body to rest and rehydrate.
Use a dive computer: A dive computer can help you monitor your depth and ascent rate, which can help you prevent PDH.
Avoid alcohol and caffeine: Alcohol and caffeine can dehydrate you and increase your risk of PDH.
Get enough sleep: Getting enough sleep can help reduce your risk of PDH.
### Treatment of Post-Dive Headache
If you do experience a PDH, there are several things you can do to treat it, including:
Rest: Resting in a quiet, dark room can help relieve a headache.
Hydrate: Drink plenty of fluids to rehydrate yourself.
Apply a cold compress: Applying a cold compress to your head can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Take over-the-counter pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help relieve headaches.
See a doctor: If your headache is severe or does not improve with home treatment, see a doctor.
### Conclusion
PDH is a common problem that can affect scuba divers. However, there are several things you can do to prevent and treat PDH. By following these tips, you can help reduce your risk of experiencing a headache after diving.