## Atmosphere in Scuba Diving
### Introduction
In scuba diving, the atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases, including argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The atmosphere is divided into several layers, each with its own unique characteristics.
### The Layers of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere is divided into five layers:
Troposphere: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, and it is where we live and breathe. It extends from the surface of the Earth to an altitude of about 10 kilometers (6 miles). The troposphere is characterized by its relatively warm temperatures and high humidity.
Stratosphere: The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that lies above the troposphere. It extends from an altitude of about 10 kilometers (6 miles) to an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles). The stratosphere is characterized by its relatively cool temperatures and low humidity.
Mesosphere: The mesosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that lies above the stratosphere. It extends from an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) to an altitude of about 85 kilometers (53 miles). The mesosphere is characterized by its very cold temperatures and low density.
Thermosphere: The thermosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that lies above the mesosphere. It extends from an altitude of about 85 kilometers (53 miles) to an altitude of about 600 kilometers (373 miles). The thermosphere is characterized by its very high temperatures and low density.
Exosphere: The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. It extends from an altitude of about 600 kilometers (373 miles) to the edge of space. The exosphere is characterized by its very low density and high temperature.
### The Importance of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth. It provides us with the oxygen we need to breathe, and it protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s radiation. The atmosphere also helps to regulate the Earth’s temperature, and it plays a role in the water cycle.
### Scuba Diving and the Atmosphere
When you scuba dive, you enter a different atmosphere. The pressure of the water increases as you descend, and this causes the gases in your body to compress. If you do not compensate for this pressure, you can experience a variety of health problems, including decompression sickness.
To compensate for the pressure, scuba divers use a variety of breathing gases, including compressed air, nitrox, and trimix. These gases are formulated to have different concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen, and they are used to minimize the risk of decompression sickness.
### Conclusion
The atmosphere is a vital part of our planet, and it is essential for life on Earth. When you scuba dive, you enter a different atmosphere, and it is important to be aware of the effects of pressure on your body. By using the proper breathing gases and following the proper safety procedures, you can enjoy scuba diving safely and without incident.
## Glossary
Atmosphere: The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
Bar: A unit of pressure equal to approximately 14.5 pounds per square inch.
Compressed air: A mixture of gases that is used for scuba diving. It is composed of approximately 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
Decompression sickness: A medical condition that can occur when a scuba diver ascends too quickly. It is caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the body.
Nitrox: A mixture of gases that is used for scuba diving. It is composed of a higher percentage of oxygen than compressed air, and it is used to reduce the risk of decompression sickness.
Pressure: The force exerted by a gas or liquid on a surface.
Scuba diving: A form of underwater diving that is done with the use of a scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus).
Trimix: A mixture of gases that is used for scuba diving. It is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, and helium, and it is used to minimize the risk of decompression sickness at extreme depths.